Feasibility of Intraoperative Breast MRI and the Role of Prone Versus Supine Positioning in Surgical Planning for Breast-Conserving Surgery

Guenette JP, Tuncali K, Himes N, Shyn PB, Lee TC. Percutaneous Image-Guided Cryoablation of Head and Neck Tumors for Local Control, Preservation of Functional Status, and Pain Relief. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2017;208 (2) :453-8.Abstract

OBJECTIVE: We report nine consecutive percutaneous image-guided cryoablation procedures of head and neck tumors in seven patients (four men and three women; mean age, 68 years; age range, 50-78 years). Ablation of the entire tumor for local control or ablation of a region of tumor for pain relief or preservation of function was achieved in eight of nine procedures. One patient experienced intraprocedural bradycardia, and another developed a neopharyngeal abscess. There were no deaths, permanent neurologic or functional deficits, vascular complications, or adverse cosmetic sequelae due to the procedures. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous image-guided cryoablation offers a potentially less morbid minimally invasive treatment option than salvage head and neck surgery. The complications that we encountered may be avoidable with increased experience. Further work is needed to continue improving the safety and efficacy of cryoablation of head and neck tumors and to continue expanding the use of cryoablation in patients with head and neck tumors that cannot be treated surgically.

Gombos EC, Jayender J, Richman DM, Caragacianu DL, Mallory MA, Jolesz FA, Golshan M. Intraoperative Supine Breast MR Imaging to Quantify Tumor Deformation and Detection of Residual Breast Cancer: Preliminary Results. Radiology. 2016;281 (3) :720-9.Abstract

Purpose To use intraoperative supine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to quantify breast tumor deformation and displacement secondary to the change in patient positioning from imaging (prone) to surgery (supine) and to evaluate residual tumor immediately after breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Materials and Methods Fifteen women gave informed written consent to participate in this prospective HIPAA-compliant, institutional review board-approved study between April 2012 and November 2014. Twelve patients underwent lumpectomy and postsurgical intraoperative supine MR imaging. Six of 12 patients underwent both pre- and postsurgical supine MR imaging. Geometric, structural, and heterogeneity metrics of the cancer and distances of the tumor from the nipple, chest wall, and skin were computed. Mean and standard deviations of the changes in volume, surface area, compactness, spherical disproportion, sphericity, and distances from key landmarks were computed from tumor models. Imaging duration was recorded. Results The mean differences in tumor deformation metrics between prone and supine imaging were as follows: volume, 23.8% (range, -30% to 103.95%); surface area, 6.5% (range, -13.24% to 63%); compactness, 16.2% (range, -23% to 47.3%); sphericity, 6.8% (range, -9.10% to 20.78%); and decrease in spherical disproportion, -11.3% (range, -60.81% to 76.95%). All tumors were closer to the chest wall on supine images than on prone images. No evidence of residual tumor was seen on MR images obtained after the procedures. Mean duration of pre- and postoperative supine MR imaging was 25 minutes (range, 18.4-31.6 minutes) and 19 minutes (range, 15.1-22.9 minutes), respectively. Conclusion Intraoperative supine breast MR imaging, when performed in conjunction with standard prone breast MR imaging, enables quantification of breast tumor deformation and displacement secondary to changes in patient positioning from standard imaging (prone) to surgery (supine) and may help clinicians evaluate for residual tumor immediately after BCS. (©) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

Guenette JP, Himes N, Giannopoulos AA, Kelil T, Mitsouras D, Lee TC. Computer-Based Vertebral Tumor Cryoablation Planning and Procedure Simulation Involving Two Cases using MRI-Visible 3D Printing and Advanced Visualization. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2016;207 (5) :1128-31.Abstract

OBJECTIVE: We report the development and use of MRI-compatible and MRI-visible 3D printed models in conjunction with advanced visualization software models to plan and simulate safe access routes to achieve a theoretic zone of cryoablation for percutaneous image-guided treatment of a C7 pedicle osteoid osteoma and an L1 lamina osteoblastoma. Both models altered procedural planning and patient care. CONCLUSION: Patient-specific MRI-visible models can be helpful in planning complex percutaneous image-guided cryoablation procedures.

Zaidi HA, De Los Reyes K, Barkhoudarian G, Litvack ZN, Bi WL, Rincon-Torroella J, Mukundan S, Dunn IF, Laws ER. The Utility of High-resolution Intraoperative MRI in Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Macroadenomas: Early Experience in the Advanced Multimodality Image Guided Operating Suite. Neurosurg Focus. 2016;40 (3) :E18.Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic skull base surgery has become increasingly popular among the skull base surgery community, with improved illumination and angled visualization potentially improving tumor resection rates. Intraoperative MRI (iMRI) is used to detect residual disease during the course of the resection. This study is an investigation of the utility of 3-T iMRI in combination with transnasal endoscopy with regard to gross-total resection (GTR) of pituitary macroadenomas. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed all endoscopic transsphenoidal operations performed in the Advanced Multimodality Image Guided Operating (AMIGO) suite from November 2011 to December 2014. Inclusion criteria were patients harboring presumed pituitary macroadenomas with optic nerve or chiasmal compression and visual loss, operated on by a single surgeon. RESULTS: Of the 27 patients who underwent transsphenoidal resection in the AMIGO suite, 20 patients met the inclusion criteria. The endoscope alone, without the use of iMRI, would have correctly predicted extent of resection in 13 (65%) of 20 cases. Gross-total resection was achieved in 12 patients (60%) prior to MRI. Intraoperative MRI helped convert 1 STR and 4 NTRs to GTRs, increasing the number of GTRs from 12 (60%) to 16 (80%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite advances in visualization provided by the endoscope, the incidence of residual disease can potentially place the patient at risk for additional surgery. The authors found that iMRI can be useful in detecting unexpected residual tumor. The cost-effectiveness of this tool is yet to be determined.

Tempany CM. Multi-modal Image Guided Therapy: Novel Personalized Approaches in Oncology. Keynote Speech at the 2016 MICCAI Meeting. Int Conf Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv. 2016 Oct;. 2016;19.Abstract

Clare Tempany MICCAI 2016 Invited Talk

YouTube Video

Tempany CM, Jayender J, Kapur T, Bueno R, Golby AJ, Agar NYR, Jolesz FA. Multimodal Imaging for Improved Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancers. Cancer. 2015;121 (6) :817-27.Abstract

The authors review methods for image-guided diagnosis and therapy that increase precision in the detection, characterization, and localization of many forms of cancer to achieve optimal target definition and complete resection or ablation. A new model of translational, clinical, image-guided therapy research is presented, and the Advanced Multimodality Image-Guided Operating (AMIGO) suite is described. AMIGO was conceived and designed to allow for the full integration of imaging in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Examples are drawn from over 500 procedures performed on brain, neck, spine, thorax (breast, lung), and pelvis (prostate and gynecologic) areas and are used to describe how they address some of the many challenges of treating brain, prostate, and lung tumors.

Jayender J, Lee TC, Ruan DT. Real-Time Localization of Parathyroid Adenoma during Parathyroidectomy. N Engl J Med. 2015;373 (1) :96-8.

Golshan M, Sagara Y, Wexelman B, Aydogan F, Desantis S, Elise Min H, Vosburgh K, Jagadeesan J, Caragacianu D, Gombos E, et al. Pilot Study to Evaluate Feasibility of Image-Guided Breast-Conserving Therapy in the Advanced Multimodal Image-Guided Operating (AMIGO) Suite. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014;21 (10) :3356-7.Abstract

BACKGROUND: The rate of reexcision in breast-conserving surgery remains high, leading to delay in initiation of adjuvant therapy, increased cost, increased complications, and negative psychological impact to the patient.1 (-) 3 We initiated a phase 1 clinical trial to determine the feasibility of the use of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess margins in the advanced multimodal image-guided operating (AMIGO) suite. METHODS: All patients received contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MRI while under general anesthesia in the supine position, followed by standard BCT with or without wire guidance and sentinel node biopsy. Additional margin reexcision was performed of suspicious margins and correlated to final pathology (Fig. 1). Feasibility was assessed via two components: demonstration of safety and sterility and acceptable duration of the operation and imaging; and adequacy of intraoperative MRI imaging for interpretation and its comparison to final pathology. Fig. 1 Schema of AMIGO trial RESULTS: Eight patients (mean age 48.5 years), 4 with stage I breast cancer and 4 with stage II breast cancer, were recruited. All patients underwent successful BCT in the AMIGO suite with no AMIGO-specific complications or break in sterility during surgery. The mean operative time was 113 min (range 93-146 min). CONCLUSIONS: Our experience with AMIGO suggests that it is feasible to use intraoperative MRI imaging to evaluate margin assessment in real time. Further research is required to identify modalities that will lead to a reduction in reexcision in breast cancer therapy.

Wright J. Surgery: The Eyes of the Operation. Nature. 2013;502 (7473) :S88-9.Abstract

Real-time imaging of a patient's body is guiding surgeons and radiologists past healthy tissue to the diseased cells.

In the early 1990s, Jolesz pioneered the use of MRI in operations, taking scans during brain surgery for the first time. When this was successful, it became clear that the best way to guide treatment would be to combine as many forms of imaging as possible, says Jolesz. In September 2011, a grant from the US National Institutes of Health led to the Advanced Multimodality Image Guided Operating (AMIGO) suite — a three-room operating suite that includes an MRI scanner, a CT and positron emission tomography (PET) scanner, and an advanced three-dimensional ultrasound and navigation system.

Researchers are exploring how to combine the resources at AMIGO to refine treatments. Imaging during surgery can address the problem of overtreating early-stage tumours, such as those found during routine lung CT scans on smokers. Small lumps are difficult to locate so surgeons may end up removing large pieces of lung tissue that will never grow back, says Raphael Bueno, a thoracic surgeon at Brigham and Women's Hospital. As part of an ongoing clinical trial, Bueno has devised a method to use a CT scan to guide the placement of a small hook-like device in the lesion. The hook is attached to surgical thread that reaches out of the lung. During surgery the thread acts as a guide, allowing Bueno to snip out only the affected tissue.

The Ferenc Jolesz National Center for Image Guided Therapy

Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School

Feasibility of Intraoperative Breast MRI and the Role of Prone Versus Supine Positioning in Surgical Planning for Breast-Conserving Surgery

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